The church was built in 1683-1692, designed by famous architects Tylman of Gameren and Augustyn Locci, by decree of King Jan III Sobieski; it was a symbol of thanksgiving for victory in the battles of Chocim and Vienna. The temple is modeled on the Roman Temple of the Capuchins, the façade is adorned by a coat of arms of Sobiescy - Janina. Destroyed during the Warsaw Uprising of 1944, temple was rebuilt in 1945-1955. The church has two royal sarcophagi: the heart of Jan III Sobieski and the internal organs of Augustus II the Strong. In the basement of the temple lies a number of representatives of the Polish aristocracy and intelligentsia, including eminent painter Bernardo Bellotto (called Canaletto), court painter of King Stanisław August Poniatowski. Currently, the church of the Capuchins is known primarily for its mobile crib, which is visible in the lower church during the Christmas period.