{"id":26759,"date":"2023-07-18T10:13:11","date_gmt":"2023-07-18T08:13:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/poland.travel\/en\/?p=26759"},"modified":"2023-07-18T10:14:40","modified_gmt":"2023-07-18T08:14:40","slug":"torun-the-city-of-many-nations","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.poland.travel\/en\/torun-the-city-of-many-nations\/","title":{"rendered":"Toru\u0144"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n\n
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Toru\u0144<\/h1>\n

Dynamic, historic and utterly charming, with a spectacular medieval town that is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. As one of Kujawsko-Pomorskie province\u2019s two capital cities, this is now one of the most important cultural and tourist hubs in Poland. If you haven\u2019t visited Toru\u0144 yet, it\u2019s time you did\u2026<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/div>\n

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Basic information<\/div>\n
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Area:<\/div>\n
115,72 km\u00b2 <\/div>\n <\/div>\n
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Population:<\/div>\n
198 273 (2020)<\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n
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A City that Shines\u00a0<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

It\u2019s hard to describe Toru\u0144 better than Polish chronicler Jan D\u0142ugosz did back in 15th Century. Despite how much it\u2019s grown and changed since his time, even back then it was clearly special: \u201cWith its decorative buildings and brick tiles covering its roofs, Toru\u0144 shines so wonderfully that few towns can match its beauty and magnificence\u201d. The town was established in the 13th Century by Teutonic Knights \u2013 but somewhere else! The reason it was later moved, according to the Teutonic Order\u2019s chronicles, was constant flooding. Within a short time, two towns had developed: The Old and the New, and the Teutonic Knights built their castle very logically between the two. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

City of Angels, Peace\u2026\u00a0<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Today the presence of two historical market squares serves a reminder that two towns once stood here. In the middle of the Old Town Square stands the monumental Town Hall, and it is an absolute showstopper. Above its gate you can see the city\u2019s symbol: an angel holding a key and a gate with three towers. If you\u2019ve got a keen eye, you\u2019ll notice that in the gate is a door, which is half-open, and half-closed. Why? Many ask. Well, the explanation is actually rather simple: the city is closed to cruel enemies, but open to guests.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

With good reason, it\u2019s also known as a city of peace: two peace treaties ending Polish-Teutonic wars were signed right here in Toru\u0144, in 1411 and 1466. Under the latter treaty, Toru\u0144 became a town belonging to the Kingdom of Poland. As the chronicler wrote at the time, \u201cOn Sunday the nineteenth day of October, after fulfilling and confirming the agreement on perpetual peace whose terms and provisions were composed over several days, \u2026 King Casimir and Master Ludwig came in person to the Toru\u0144 market with large retinues of gentlemen. When they had greeted each other in a friendly manner, silence was ordered, and Rudolf, the papal legate, announced the fullness of the agreement on perpetual peace between Casimir, King of Poland, and his kingdom on one side, and Ludwig, Prussian master, and the Order on the other, successfully concluded\u201d. [based on Jan D\u0142ugosz\u2019s Annals] <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2026and many bizarre animals\u00a0<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

There are animals all around this city, involving several legends and traditions. Near the Town Hall, you\u2019ll find frog fountain (not real ones). Don\u2019t leave without giving their backs a stoke \u2013 it\u2019s a small price to pay for, according to legend, happiness. Why risk it, right? Standing near the fountain, look upwards and around until you spot the black cat, on the roof of one of the tenements. It\u2019s said to be the defender of the city. Then there\u2019s the donkey. Yes, donkey. Many a visitor is surprised to stumble upon the figure of a donkey standing near the market square. It may look cute, but its symbolism is actually quite dark: it\u2019s a reference to a former punishment site. In the olden days, unruly guards were seated on a donkey\u2019s back, with a metal rod to inflict pain and weights tied to their feet to make the punishment even worse. A statue with a nicer story is found on the other side of the square. Filu\u015b the flappy-eared dog, sits playfully next to a lamp post, its master\u2019s bowler hat in its mouth. They say that if you stroke its head, you\u2019ll get wiser, and if you grab its tail, you\u2019ll be lucky in love. Why choose? Do both!  <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

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Gothic, Gothic Everywhere<\/strong>\u00a0<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Toru\u0144\u2019s strategic location on the River Vistula massively impacted its economic development, right from the very beginning. Toru\u0144 was a member of the Hanseatic League, and traces of that membership are visible along Szeroka Street, in which the coats of arms of cities Toru\u0144 traded with have been craftily embedded. In the past, the city\u2019s wealth was evident by looking at its defensive walls, town halls, burgher houses and numerous churches. Today, many of these relics of former glory remain for you to admire when you stroll around historical Toru\u0144. Not all the town gates, walls and churches have survived the ravages of time, understandably, yet what is left is more than enough to captivate even the most demanding of visitors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Birthplace of Nicolaus Copernicus\u00a0<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Once upon a time, a merchant from Krak\u00f3w arrived in this wealthy town. That man was Nicolaus Copernicus, the father of four children born in Toru\u0144, including a son named after him who went on to become one of the most important names in history.  It remains a great mystery, even to this day, in which house exactly the great astronomer was born. But there\u2019s no mystery surrounding the font he was baptised in \u2013 that stands in the Copernicus Chapel at St. James\u2019 Church. If you embark on a route that traces the life of the famous astronomer, the Nicolaus Copernicus House museum is an absolute must. Part of the exhibition is housed in a stunning red-brick tenement that actually belonged to the Copernicus family. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

From Famous Astronomers to Famous Gingerbread<\/strong>\u00a0<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Toru\u0144 is also well-known for its sublime gingerbread, which forms an important part of the city\u2019s heritage. It is here, under the watchful eyes of master gingerbread bakers, that visitors to the city can obtain knowledge once kept very secret. Surrounded by the aroma of spices, you are given the chance to create gingerbread to take home as a souvenir (or, more likely, eat before you leave!). A few places invite you to make this Toru\u0144 treasure for yourself, including the Museum of Toru\u0144 Gingerbread and the Living Museum of Gingerbread. See? It\u2019s that important, it has museums dedicated to it. The oldest known recipe for Toru\u0144 gingerbread actually comes from a medical book; if you needed an excuse to tuck in, now you have one! <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Legacy of Knights\u00a0<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Toru\u0144 is a former fortress. Its medieval walls featured 12 gates, over 60 keeps and two barbicans. The most famous keep is the Leaning Tower. Didn\u2019t know there was another Leaning Tower, did you? According to one legend, its crookedness was a punishment for a sinful Teutonic Knight. When you visit the tower, here\u2019s what you\u2019re supposed to do: stand under the tower with your heels, back and head touching the wall, arms stretched out in front of you. Whoever can stand like this without wobbling, has a clear conscience. Or so the legend goes, anyway. Today, the oldest preserved section of the historical walls faces out to the River Vistula and features three gates that once lead into the town. In the 17th Century, when Swedish forces were a threat, magnificent bastions were built around Toru\u0144. Two centuries later, the Prussian authorities surrounded the city with a ring of fortifications some 22.5 kilometres in circumference. During the construction of this fortress, around 200 defensive structures were built on both banks of the Vistula, including some 15 forts. They took defending their city very, very seriously! If you\u2019d like to give an unruly child or partner a scare, take them on a tour of Fort IV, where a Prussian soldier will soon show them what\u2019s what! <\/p>\n\n\n\n

One attraction you shouldn\u2019t miss are the remains of the Teutonic castle. Built on a horseshoe plan, its construction started way back in the 13th Century, making it the first Teutonic castle on the right bank of the Vistula. Mostly demolished by Toru\u0144\u2019s burghers in the mid-15th Century, it\u2019s a stark reminder of the consequences of the abuse of power. While you\u2019re there you may be told about Jordan the cook. One legend says that the people of Toru\u0144 had a helper within the castle, namely Jordan, who climbed the stairs to the top of the tower and gave the signal to attack. Unfortunately, the attackers blew up the tower, and the force of the explosion launched the well-meaning cook into the air, flying all the way across Toru\u0144 and landing on one of the gates. Poor Jordan! <\/p>\n\n\n\n

A Regal City\u00a0<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Throughout the ages, both in Teutonic and Polish times, Toru\u0144 has welcomed Polish kings on several occasions. In late May 1404, during a visit by King Ladislaus Jagie\u0142\u0142o, there was quite the drama, documented by D\u0142ugosz  as follows: \u201cAnd when during those three days King of Poland Ladislaus travelled around the streets of Toru\u0144 with the master of Prussia to see the town\u2019s location, a cook spilled dishwater all over King Ladislaus. Arrested on the master\u2019s orders and sentenced to drowning, she was saved by the king\u2019s goodness\u201d. Maybe he wasn\u2019t watching where he was going. No king liked the city as much as Casimir Jagie\u0142\u0142o, however, who visited Toru\u0144 the most: 16 times to be exact, spending a total of 14 months here.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Biggest and Best\u2026\u00a0<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

In 1500, a bell was hung in the tower of the Church of St. John the Baptist and St. John the Evangelist. Dubbed \u201cTuba Dei\u201d \u2013 God\u2019s Trumpet, it was the biggest bell in the entire Kingdom of Poland at the time. Weighing over seven tonnes, it is two metres high and over two metres in diameter. That is a serious bell! You can get a good look at it by climbing the church tower. Up-close, its size is really rather imposing. From the Vistula side, you can also see the famous \u201craftsmen\u2019s clock\u201d on the same tower, unique in that it only has one hand.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

To really appreciate the city in all its glory, you need to either take a boat tour along on the Vistula, or cross the bridge to the left bank, where there\u2019s an observation deck especially for this purpose. From there, you can take it all in, the vivid orange roofs, the majestic cathedral and the entire silhouette of this beautiful city. This panorama is considered one of the Wonders of Poland, and it\u2019s easy to see why. Recognition for the outstanding universal value of historical Toru\u0144 led to it being listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site on 4th December 1997. If this city wasn\u2019t on your list of places to visit, it will be now! <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

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<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

A City that Shines\u00a0 It\u2019s hard to describe Toru\u0144 better than Polish chronicler Jan D\u0142ugosz did back in 15th Century. Despite how much it\u2019s grown and changed since his time, even back then it was clearly special: \u201cWith its decorative buildings and brick tiles covering its roofs, Toru\u0144 shines so wonderfully that few towns can […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":20597,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1037],"class_list":["post-26759","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cities"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nToru\u0144 - Poland Travel (EN)<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.poland.travel\/en\/torun-the-city-of-many-nations\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pl_PL\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Toru\u0144 - Poland Travel (EN)\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"A City that Shines\u00a0 It\u2019s hard to describe Toru\u0144 better than Polish chronicler Jan D\u0142ugosz did back in 15th Century. 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